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  • Hydrocarbon | Definition, Types, Facts | Britannica
    Hydrocarbon, any of a class of organic chemical compounds composed only of the elements carbon and hydrogen Hydrocarbons are the principal constituents of petroleum and natural gas and serve as fuels, lubricants, and raw materials for various products Learn about the types, structures, and uses of hydrocarbons
  • Fossil Fuel, Hydrocarbons, Organic Compounds - Britannica
    Petroleum - Fossil Fuel, Hydrocarbons, Organic Compounds: Although it is recognized that the original source of carbon and hydrogen was in the materials that made up primordial Earth, it is generally accepted that these two elements had to pass through an organic phase to be combined into the varied complex molecules recognized as hydrocarbons The organic material that is the source of most
  • Hydrogen - Fuel, Energy, Uses | Britannica
    Hydrogen - Fuel, Energy, Uses: The most important industrial method for the production of hydrogen is the catalytic steam–hydrocarbon process, in which gaseous or vaporized hydrocarbons are treated with steam at high pressure over a nickel catalyst at 650°–950° C to produce carbon oxides and hydrogen: CnH2n+2 + nH2O → nCO + (2n + 1)H2; CnH2n+2 + 2nH2O→ nCO2 + (3n + 1)H2 The primary
  • Cracking | Catalytic, Hydrocarbon, Reforming | Britannica
    Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel Cracking of
  • Natural gas - Fossil Fuel, Hydrocarbons, Methane | Britannica
    Natural gas - Fossil Fuel, Hydrocarbons, Methane: Natural gas is more ubiquitous than oil It is derived from both land plants and aquatic organic matter and is generated above, throughout, and below the oil window Thus, all source rocks have the potential for gas generation Many of the source rocks for significant gas deposits appear to be associated with the worldwide occurrence of coal
  • Hydrocarbon - Structure, Bonding, Compounds | Britannica
    Hydrocarbon - Structure, Bonding, Compounds: In 1865 the German chemist August Kekule von Stradonitz suggested the cyclic structure for benzene shown above Kekule’s structure, while consistent with the molecular formula and the fact that all of the hydrogen atoms of benzene are equivalent, needed to be modified to accommodate the observation that disubstitution of the ring at adjacent
  • Natural gas - Composition, Properties, Uses | Britannica
    Natural gas - Composition, Properties, Uses: Natural gas is a hydrocarbon mixture consisting primarily of saturated light paraffins such as methane and ethane, both of which are gaseous under atmospheric conditions The mixture also may contain other hydrocarbons, such as propane, butane, pentane, and hexane In natural gas reservoirs even the heavier hydrocarbons occur for the most part in
  • Petroleum | Energy, Products, Facts | Britannica
    Petroleum, complex mixture of hydrocarbons that occur in Earth in liquid, gaseous, or solid form The term is often restricted to the liquid form, commonly called crude oil, but, as a technical term, ‘petroleum’ also refers to natural gas and the viscous or solid form known as bitumen, which is found in tar sands
  • Paraffin wax | Candle Making, Cosmetic Uses, Industrial Applications . . .
    Paraffin wax, colourless or white, somewhat translucent, hard wax consisting of a mixture of solid straight-chain hydrocarbons ranging in melting point from about 48° to 66° C (120° to 150° F) Paraffin wax is obtained from petroleum by dewaxing light lubricating oil stocks It is used in candles,
  • Crude oil | Definition, Characteristics, Facts | Britannica
    Crude oil, liquid petroleum that is found accumulated in various porous rock formations in Earth’s crust and is extracted for burning as fuel or for processing into chemical products Crude oil is a mixture of varying hydrocarbons and other chemicals, and its physical properties vary widely





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