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  • CBO Explains Its Principles for Identifying Mandates in Legislation
    In general, mandates require a nonfederal entity to take an action or comply with a prohibition The federal minimum wage is an example of such a mandate on public and private-sector employers, who are required by federal law to pay a minimum hourly amount to certain employees
  • Mandates - Congressional Budget Office
    According to the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, federal mandates include requirements imposed on state, local, or tribal governments or on entities in the private sector that are not conditions of aid or tied to participation in voluntary federal programs CBO identifies such mandates in bills that are approved by authorizing committees (and, when requested, for other legislation) and
  • CBO Explains Its Principles for Identifying Mandates in Legislation
    As required by the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), the agency also examines some of the effects of federal legislation on state, local, and tribal governments and on private-sector entities by identifying what that act defines as mandates In general, mandates require a nonfederal entity to take an action or comply with a prohibition
  • Laws That Contain Mandates - Congressional Budget Office
    CBO periodically reviews public laws enacted throughout the year for intergovernmental and private-sector mandates Occasionally, CBO will identify mandates that were not reviewed before enactment In some cases, legislation is enacted without being considered by a committee (the stage at which almost all bills are reviewed for mandates); in others, mandates are included in amendments made on
  • CBO’s Activities Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
    CBO reviews hundreds of bills and public laws for intergovernmental and private-sector mandates each year and estimates whether the annual costs of those mandates would exceed thresholds established in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Data are available for calendar years 2013 through 2019, and new data are added periodically throughout the year
  • CBO Explains Its Principles for Identifying Mandates in Legislation
    As defined by the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, mandates generally require a nonfederal entity to take an action or comply with a prohibition This primer describes the principles that CBO follows to identify mandates in legislation
  • H. R. 1295, Reorganizing Government Act of 2025
    H R 1295 would reauthorize and expand through December 2026 the authority for the President to develop a government reorganization plan and submit that plan to the Congress under an expedited legislative procedure Under the bill, such a plan could include reducing the federal workforce, decreasing the cost and burden of regulatory compliance, and eliminating government operations that are
  • Laws That Contain Mandates - Congressional Budget Office
    Laws That Contain Mandates CBO periodically reviews public laws enacted throughout the year for intergovernmental and private-sector mandates Occasionally, CBO will identify mandates that were not reviewed before enactment In some cases, legislation is enacted without being considered by a committee (the stage at which almost all bills are reviewed for mandates); in others, mandates are
  • Private-Sector Mandates in Federal Legislation
    What Constitutes a Mandate Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act? UMRA defines mandates as enforceable duties, which CBO has interpreted to include requirements for or prohibitions against certain activities Private-sector mandates are also defined to include any reductions in the authorization of appropriations for federal 1
  • Congressional Budget Office
    Federal Mandatory Spending for Means-Tested Programs, 2009 to 2029 Public Spending on Transportation and Water Infrastructure, 1956 to 2017 A Review of CBO’s Activities in 2014 Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Estimated Impact of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act on Employment and Economic Output in 2014





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