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duties 音标拼音: [d'utiz] n. 职责 职责 Duty \ Du" ty\, n.; pl. { Duties}. [ From { Due}.] 1. That which is due; payment. [ Obs. as signifying a material thing.] [ 1913 Webster] When thou receivest money for thy labor or ware, thou receivest thy duty. -- Tyndale. [ 1913 Webster] 2. That which a person is bound by moral obligation to do, or refrain from doing; that which one ought to do; service morally obligatory. [ 1913 Webster] Forgetting his duty toward God, his sovereign lord, and his country. -- Hallam. [ 1913 Webster] 3. Hence, any assigned service or business; as, the duties of a policeman, or a soldier; to be on duty. [ 1913 Webster] With records sweet of duties done. -- Keble. [ 1913 Webster] To employ him on the hardest and most imperative duty. -- Hallam. [ 1913 Webster] Duty is a graver term than obligation. A duty hardly exists to do trivial things; but there may be an obligation to do them. -- C. J. Smith. [ 1913 Webster] 4. Specifically, obedience or submission due to parents and superiors. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 5. Respect; reverence; regard; act of respect; homage. " My duty to you." -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 6. ( Engin.) The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine, as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal ( 94 lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. ( 112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs., United States). [ 1913 Webster] 7. ( Com.) Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise; any sum of money required by government to be paid on the importation, exportation, or consumption of goods. [ 1913 Webster] Note: An impost on land or other real estate, and on the stock of farmers, is not called a duty, but a direct tax. [ U. S.] [ 1913 Webster] { Ad valorem duty}, a duty which is graded according to the cost, or market value, of the article taxed. See { Ad valorem}. { Specific duty}, a duty of a specific sum assessed on an article without reference to its value or market. { On duty}, actually engaged in the performance of one' s assigned task. [ 1913 Webster] DUTIES. In its most enlarged sense, this word is nearly equivalent to taxes, embracing all impositions or charges levied on persons or things; in its more restrained sense, it is often used as equivalent to customs, ( q. v.) or imposts. ( q. v.) Story, Const. Sec. 949. Vide, for the rate of duties payable on goods and merchandise, Gord. Dig. B. 7, t. 1, c. 1; Story' s L. U. S. Index, h. t.
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