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TWENEX    
/twe'neks/ The TOPS-20 {operating system}
by {DEC} - the second proprietary OS for the {PDP-10} -
preferred by most PDP-10 hackers over TOPS-10 (that is, by
those who were not {ITS} or {WAITS} partisans). TOPS-20 began
in 1969 as {Bolt, Beranek & Newman}'s {TENEX} operating system
using special paging hardware. By the early 1970s, almost all
of the systems on the {ARPANET} ran TENEX. DEC purchased the
rights to TENEX from BBN and began work to make it their own.
The first in-house code name for the operating system was
VIROS (VIRtual memory Operating System); when customers
started asking questions, the name was changed to SNARK so DEC
could truthfully deny that there was any project called VIROS.
When the name SNARK became known, the name was briefly
reversed to become KRANS; this was quickly abandoned when
someone objected that "krans" meant "funeral wreath" in
Swedish (though some Swedish speakers have since said it means
simply "wreath"; this part of the story may be apocryphal).

Ultimately DEC picked TOPS-20 as the name of the operating
system, and it was as TOPS-20 that it was marketed. The
hacker community, mindful of its origins, quickly dubbed it
TWENEX (a contraction of "twenty TENEX"), even though by this
point very little of the original TENEX code remained
(analogously to the differences between AT&T V6 Unix and BSD).
DEC people cringed when they heard "TWENEX", but the term
caught on nevertheless (the written abbreviation "20x" was
also used). TWENEX was successful and very popular; in fact,
there was a period in the early 1980s when it commanded as
fervent a culture of partisans as Unix or ITS - but DEC's
decision to scrap all the internal rivals to the VAX
architecture and its relatively stodgy VMS OS killed the
DEC-20 and put a sad end to TWENEX's brief day in the sun.
DEC attempted to convince TOPS-20 users to convert to {VMS},
but instead, by the late 1980s, most of the TOPS-20 hackers
had migrated to Unix.

[{Jargon File}]

(1995-04-01)

TWENEX: /twe´neks/, n. The TOPS-20 operating system by DEC
the second proprietary OS for the PDP-10preferred by most PDP-10
hackers over TOPS-10 (that is, by those who were not
ITS or WAITS partisans).
TOPS-20 began in 1969 as Bolt, Beranek & Newman's TENEX operating
system using special paging hardware. By the early 1970s, almost all of
the systems on the ARPANET ran TENEX. DEC purchased the rights to TENEX
from BBN and began work to make it their own. The first in-house code name
for the operating system was VIROS (VIRtual memory Operating System); when
customers started asking questions, the name was changed to SNARK so DEC
could truthfully deny that there was any project called VIROS. When the
name SNARK became known, the name was briefly reversed to become KRANS;
this was quickly abandoned when someone objected that krans meantfuneral wreathin
Swedish (though some Swedish speakers have since said it means simply
wreath’; this part of the story may be apocryphal).
Ultimately DEC picked TOPS-20 as the name of the operating system, and it
was as TOPS-20 that it was marketed. The hacker community, mindful of its
origins, quickly dubbed it TWENEX (a contraction oftwenty
TENEX’), even though by this point very little of the original TENEX
code remained (analogously to the differences between AT&T V6 Unix and
BSD). DEC people cringed when they heardTWENEX”, but the
term caught on nevertheless (the written abbreviation20xwas
also used). TWENEX was successful and very popular; in fact, there was a
period in the early 1980s when it commanded as fervent a culture of
partisans as Unix or ITSbut DEC's decision to scrap all the
internal rivals to the VAX architecture and its
relatively stodgy VMS OS killed the DEC-20 and put a sad end to TWENEX's
brief day in the sun. DEC attempted to convince TOPS-20 users to convert
to VMS, but instead, by the late 1980s, most of the
TOPS-20 hackers had migrated to Unix. There is a TOPS-20 home page.


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